Beers Law Definition and Equation

Beer's Law Definition and Equation Beers Law is an equation that relates the attenuation of light to properties of a material. The law states the concentration of a chemical is directly proportional to the absorbance of a solution. The relation may be used to determine the concentration of a chemical species in a solution using a colorimeter or spectrophotometer. The relation is most often used in UV-visible absorption spectroscopy. Note that Beers Law is not valid at high solution concentrations. Other Names for Beers Law Beers Law is also known as the Beer-Lambert Law, the Lambert-Beer Law, and the  Beer–Lambert–Bouguer law. The reason there are so many names is because more than one law is involved. Basically, Pierre Bouger discovered the law in 1729 and published it in Essai doptique sur la gradation de la lumià ¨re. Lambert quoted Bougers discovery in his Photometria in 1760, saying absorbance of a sample is directly proportional to the path length of light. Even though Lambert didnt claim discovery, he was often credited with it. August Beer discovered a related law in 1852. Beers law stated the absorbance is proportional to the concentration of the sample. Technically, Beers law relates to only to concentration, while the Beer-Lambert law relates absorbance to both concentration and sample thickness. Key Takeaways: Beer's Law Beers law states that the concentration of a chemical solution is directly proportional to its absorption of light.The premise is that a beam of light becomes weaker as it passes through a chemical solution. The attenuation of light occurs either as a result of distance through solution or increasing concentration.Beers law goes by many names, including the Beer-Lambert law, Lambert-Beer law, and Beer-Lambert-Bouguer law. Equation for Beers Law Beers Law may be written simply as: A ÃŽ µbc where  A is absorbance (no units)ÃŽ µ is the molar absorptivity with units of L mol-1  cm-1 (formerly called the extinction coefficient)b is the path length of the sample, usually expressed in cmc is the concentration of the compound in solution, expressed in mol L-1 Calculating the absorbance of a sample using the equation depends on two assumptions: The absorbance is directly proportional to the path length of the sample (the width of the cuvette).The absorbance is directly proportional to the concentration of the sample. In this example of the Beer-Lambert law, a green laser is attenuated as it passes through a solution of Rhodamine 6G. Amirber How to Use Beers Law While many modern instruments perform Beers law calculations by simply comparing a blank cuvette with a sample, its easy to prepare a graph using standard solutions to determine the concentration of a specimen. The graphing method assumes a straight-line relationship between absorbance and concentration, which is valid for dilute solutions.   Beers Law Example Calculation A sample is known to have a maximum absorbance value of 275 nm. Its molar absorptivity is 8400 M-1cm-1. The width of the cuvette is 1 cm. A spectrophotometer finds A 0.70. What is the concentration of the sample? To solve the problem, use Beers law: A ÃŽ µbc 0.70 (8400 M-1cm-1)(1 cm)(c) Divide both sides of the equation by [(8400 M-1 cm-1)(1 cm)] c 8.33 x 10-5 mol/L Importance of Beers Law Beers law is especially important in the fields of chemistry, physics, and meteorology. Beers law is used in chemistry to measure the concentration of chemical solutions, to analyze oxidation, and to measure polymer degradation. The law also describes the attenuation of radiation through the Earths atmosphere. While normally applied to light, the law also helps scientists understand the attenuation of particle beams, such as neutrons. In theoretical physics, the Beer-Lambert law is a solution to the Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook (BKG) operator, which is used in the Boltzmann equation for computational fluid dynamics. Sources Beer, August (1852). Bestimmung der Absorption des rothen Lichts in farbigen Flà ¼ssigkeiten (Determination of the absorption of red light in colored liquids). Annalen der Physik und Chemie. 86: 78–88.Bouguer, Pierre (1729). Essai doptique sur la gradation de la lumià ¨re. Paris, France: Claude Jombert. pp. 16–22.Ingle, J. D. J.; Crouch, S. R. (1988). Spectrochemical Analysis. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.Lambert, J. H. (1760). Photometria sive de mensura et gradibus luminis, colorum et umbrae [Photometry, or, On the measure and gradations of light, colors, and shade]. Augsburg (Augusta Vindelicorum), Germany: Eberhardt Klett.Mayerhà ¶fer, Thomas Gà ¼nter; Popp, Jà ¼rgen (2018). Beers law - why absorbance depends (almost) linearly on concentration. Chemphyschem. doi:10.1002/cphc.201801073

Fight the Power essays

Fight the Power essays Public Enemy wrote a song about racism, censorship and freedom. This song was popular among its time back in the late 80s and earlier 90s. The song Im talking about of course is Fight The Power, the title its self is self explanatory. Public Enemy has four members all from unique backgrounds. Its first and most known member would be Chuck D also known as Carlton Ridenhour born on August 1st 1960 same as its second member Professor Griff a.k.a Richard Griffin. Third member of P.E. is Terminator X born as Norman Rogers in 1966 and its fourth and final member is Flavor Flav also known to his family as William Drayton born on March 16th 1959. Public Enemy got their name from So Hank Schocklee when he heard two songs from them featuring the words Public Enemy and a single titled the same. The group toured with such groups as U2, Anthrax and Primus, and Sister of Mercy. Their first tour was the Ill tour headlining the Beastie Boys. Public Enemy is a political group. Theyve always talked about the issues at hand. And they werent afraid to use it in their songs. Their one of the few groups at their time to rap about the issues. Cause at their time gangsta rap had started to take off and people started to listen to different things. But the song Fight The Power was a popular song and so was its music video. The video showed a community coming together at a rally to support a common cause. Also in the video people who looked like they were part of the Black Panthers. The song talks about censorship briefly and I quote While the Black bands sweatin Our freedom of speech is freedom or death We got to fight the powers that be. Not only are they talking about freedom of speech but also racism comes up as part of it. They talk about how blac ...

Human beings' activity with global warming Essay

Human beings' activity with global warming - Essay Example The most notable of all greenhouse gases is carbon dioxide, which has the capability to continue being in the atmosphere for a lengthy time span. It is a scientifically proven fact that this gas could bring about a noteworthy rise in the temperature. At this point, it is but obvious to raise the question â€Å"No doubt, carbon dioxide is a very potent gas; but how are human beings responsible for rise in the levels of this gas?† The subsequent paragraph would be attempting to answer this. (1) Human beings, purely for furthering their own interests, have brought about a drastic rise in the levels at which fossil fuels are combusted. This has been for the purposes of generating electricity, heating, transportation and cement manufacturing, among many others. It is being estimated that, on account of all these activities, the annual carbon dioxide emissions are approximately 22 billion tons, on a global basis. Almost as a direct result of that, the atmospheric concentration of ca rbon dioxide has risen by roughly thirty percent. As a matter of fact, these facts are more than sufficient to convince even the most skeptical that it is nothing other than human activity predominantly responsible for heightened global warming. (1) Scientists have estimated that during the course of the last century, there has been a rise in temperature of surface of Earth to the extent of one degree Fahrenheit. The fact has been highlighted that in this very duration there is also a 25 percent increase in the carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere. It has been mentioned earlier in the write-up that the enhanced levels of carbon dioxide are chiefly attributable to various human activities. Extensive studies aimed at understanding the link between the above rise in temperature and increase in carbon dioxide concentration came out with a key observation: human activity is mainly responsible for the scenario where the Planet has become warmer. (2) Simultaneously, the scientist s also suggested that even some natural parameters could have played a role in global warming. In fact, with regard to the pattern of global warming, the scientists have divided the previous century into two halves. They state that, when the warming of the first half is taken into account, the natural factors must have been primarily responsible for the advent of the phenomenon. This is because; in that particular phase, various human activities resulting in carbon dioxide emissions were on the lower side. But when the second half of the century (1900-2000) is considered, it is but obvious that human beings are the chief contributors to the rise in global warming. In this period, the diverse commercial pursuits of people have led to an alarming rise in the levels of carbon dioxide emissions, and this is a fact beyond any dispute. So, it can safely be inferred that the natural parameters did not have a major role in global warming, with regard to the second part (of the century). (3) The following are some of the activities that have led to the advent of a scenario where, there is a disturbing rise in the greenhouse emissions: various agricultural practices,

Questions answering 2053 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Questions answering 2053 - Essay Example The firm is incorporated in one country and opens foreign subsidiaries in the countries (Cullen and Parboteeah, 2013). The existing literature identifies that globalization can take two different forms namely forced globalization and participative globalization (McCann and Acs, 2011). MNCs enter the globalization through the avenue of participative globalization. The opening of companies in foreign land has received huge boost during the past three decades and this is entirely because of globalization. It has been estimated that multinational companies comprise two-third of the global trade (McCann and Acs, 2011). Reduced cost of production, expansion of market for products and earning higher profits are driving forces to expand business. The cost of labour is considerably lower in the developing countries compared to the developed countries and this motivates firms to relocate production. When domestic markets become saturated it becomes imperative to capture other consumers and foreign expansion is a lucrative option for companies (Dunning, 2012). Difference in cultures is perhaps the most formidable challenge that has to be faced by companies in their quest for expansion. Management of interpersonal relationships in the MNCs require integrating the national culture of the managers and employees (Sweeney and McFarlin, 2014). Additionally MNCs requires modifying their products and services according to the niche taste of the masses depending on the country. For instance, when New York Fresh Deli opened franchises in Dubai, vinegar had to be removed from the salad dressings as it was considered as spirit in Dubai (Guffey and Loewy, 2010). According to Hofstede (2011) culture can be treated as mental software that affects the way in which a person thinks or behaves. Effective management of human resource is important for the MNC’s as people are often exposed to

Employee training at B&Q Plc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Employee training at B&Q Plc - Essay Example There has been a various change in the employment policy at B&Q Plc. over the past decade. About a decade ago, many business analysts criticized B&Q Plc. For having a policy that encouraged to employ and retaining much older employees. At that time younger job seekers were less advantaged when they were seeking jobs at the company. The company has always considered quality of their products and services to be their first priority. Therefore, employing older employees was seen as a way through which the company could be able to get experience and skills in a single package (Saks, Haccoun& Belcourt 2010, p. 101. At that time this really worked for them especially because they were able to build a reputation that was rooted on quality. There is always some uncertainty regarding employing younger employees. Younger employees might be skilled by the obvious reason as to why employing them might not be a good idea is the fact that it might take a while before they attain the experience that the older employees have. However, the good thing is that this is a problem that can be properly solved by having a good training program. As for the case of B&Q Plc. mentoring was chosen as the most appropriate way of making sure that the company will be able to accommodate both the young and energetic employees and the old and experienced employees (Becker 1993, p. 123). This method can be said to have worked well for the company.

Examples Of The Company Suffering From Bad Publicity

Examples Of The Company Suffering From Bad Publicity Greenpeace distributed an argumentative video on YouTube about Nestlà ©s source for palm oil for their products. The targeted product was the Kit Kat bar and the video play off the Kit Kat slogan Have a break, Have a Kit Kat. Greenpeace said that Nestlà ©s source have a dirty hands in ruining a rainforests which were natural habits for orangutans. Furthermore, Greenpeaces video also imitative Kit Kats commercial by starting by a bored office worker tearing paper for his boss for hours. He pulls out a Kit Kat bar and bites into it without noticing or caring that the Kit Kat is actually a bleeding orangutan finger, and leaks blood all over his face and keyboard. In this case, Nestle took a quick action removed the video. By today technology, there is still had a way to let YouTube user repost the video. The users started reposting the video all over the internet and the more internet users repost the video all over the internet, and the more videos is taken down, the more videos will added. *What is companys brand positioning? (March 2012) http://www.nestle.com/csv/nutrition/positionedproducts Affordable and nutritious Nestle targeted customer with products that are nutritious, cheaper and tasty. Popularly Positioned Products (PPPs) supply high nutritional value by affordable cost and in suitable formats to send the needs of some 3 billion lower-income consumers worldwide. Their current PPPs spread from culinary products to beverages, to dairy and biscuit with over 400 products are sold under some global brands such as Maggie and Nescafe. These actions bring 30-40% improvement in market penetration within lower-income customers in the last 2 years and increase distribution of Maggie noodles by advertise about affordability and healthy messages. * Provide some information about a recent marketing campaign. http://www.networkworld.com/community/blog/marketing-gone-wild-candy-bars-stalk-you Nestle company launch a promotion called We will find you that find by GPS trackers which the shape alike normal chocolate bars. When a winning customer opens the wrapper, it will activates and send a message to the prize team who tracking them down within 24 hours to deliver a check for  £10,000. This chocolate product can find from KitKat Chunky, Yorkie Milk, KitKat 4 Finger and Aero Peppermint Medium. London showed off this video of Nestle using cutting edge geolocation technology to track down six lucky winners across the UK and Ireland. They believe that this promotion will particularly invoke to men, fascinating them to the chocolate singles category and thus driving increasing sales. Nestlà © Confectionery is delighted to be first to market with this highly innovative GPS for the promotion. During August 2010, Brazil was the first to use GPS, drop it into a product to track you and take marketing promotions to a whole new creepy yet innovative level. CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY Corporate Social Responsibility is defined a concept which the company incorporate social and environmental concerns in business operations and interactions with stakeholders on voluntary basis. Does the company promote a positive impact through its activities on the environment, consumers, employees and communities? http://www.ukessays.co.uk/essays/communications/nestle.php Nestle shown great concern for the society though the launch of their concept of Corporate Social Responsibility in 2006, Creating Shared Value (CSR).after the launch of CSR, Nestle undertaken many projects to help the society. A great project that brought significant change to society is The Cocoa Plan project to facilitate African cocoa farmers and the society take advantage of setting market prices by growing their productivity. Nestle funded farmer schools in West Africa to learn better ways which able to produce higher quality cocoa and increase revenue. Not only that, Nestle built a development and research centre that work in hand with Nestle plant science base. Nestle as a partner of International Cocoa Initiative and the World Cocoa foundation solved problems, example child labour and lack of access of education and health such as send farmers to field schools educates the farmer the way to increase productivity and also educated of diseases and prevention ways. In this case , the increasing of income for those West African household enhance their lifestyles. Between that, the dramatically of boosting of production of cocoa increase their exports and conversely decrease their foreign owing. There are also can learn new skills, study the technology and share useful information among the locals who sent to work. http://businesscasestudies.co.uk/nestle/business-principles-in-action-nutritional-labelling/ethics-and-business-principles.html#axzz2L5lKmRxZ Nestle developed two business principles that focused on communications with consumers. One of the business principle is Nestle consumer communication should reflect moderation in food consumption and not encourage overeating especially important regarding children. Another one of the business principle is must combine the desire for healthy and balanced diets. Their advertising must not mean the reposition of meals with snack foods and heavy snacking. Nestle helps consumers recognize and understand the nutritional content of the food that they bought. This is a positive impact on the reputation of the company. Consumers can be know the Nestle behaving responsibly and communicating with them. They also facilitate and promote healthy living for their staffs. Nestle company linked to the Guideline Daily Amounts on the front of packs with the internal communication programme to tell staffs about GDAs and labeling system. In this case, it can help to motivate staffs as showed nestle care d about their well-being and their families.

Desi Arnaz :: Essays Papers

Desi Arnaz Cuban bandleader and singer-turned savvy TV mogul who, after his marriage to comedienne Lucille Ball in 1940, parlayed their successful "I Love Lucy" series into the Desilu TV production empire, which in its heyday also produced the successful and highly lucrative "The Untouchables" and "Star Trek" series. *p*Desiderio Alberto Arnaz y de Acha III was born in 1917 to wealthy Cuban landowners. His father was also the mayor of the town they lived in, but that soon changed. At the age of 16, Desi and his mother had to flee to Miami because of Batista's overthrow of the Machado Government in 1933. *P**BR*When Desi arrived in America, it was a struggle for he and his mother. But soon after he arrived, he joined the Siboney Septet at the Roney Plaza. Later, he started working with Xavier Cugat's band in 1937 and later put together his own rhumba band. His youthful good-looks and engaging presence soon won him a featured spot in the 1939 Broadway musical and theatrical version of "Too Many G irls" and the following year he was signed by RKO. On the movie set, he met his future wife, Lucille Ball. Later that year Desi and Lucy eloped to Connecticut and got married in a country club. Arnaz was featured in several films, mostly as a colorful Latin. Joining MGM, he won attention for his sole dramatic role in the war drama, "Bataan" (1942), but gave up films for touring with his successful band. The marriage was subject to the road most of the time and to Lucy's movie career. When the couple came up with the idea for a television series, they fought to do it together to save their marriage. But the network didn't think the television series would work with Desi being Cuban. But that didn't stop Lucy and Desi. In the summer of 1950, they went on tour, performing for live audiences to prove that the show would work. Well, as you know, the rest is television history!*P**BR*Desi made the first 5,000 dollars spent into millions in just four years. He convinced the show's sponsor, Phillip Morris, that Lucy having a baby on the show would give them great publicity. He was right: the birth of Little Ricky drew 44 million viewers (the swearing in of the President that year only drew 22 million), and the story made headlines everywhere across America. With Desi as a successful executive, and head of the couple's production company, DesiLu, Arnaz pioneered a new way of producing TV shows, shooting each episode of I

Investigating the effectiveness of Mobile Antivirus Application on Android and Windows Mobile Phone Essay

Chapter 1: Anti-virus Applications on Mobile Devices Mobile phone anti-virus software refers to security software programs which have been professionally developed to protect device users from viruses, worms, Trojans and other malicious programs and removing them where possible. Anti-virus software programs have lately gained popularity due the increased incidences of malicious threats of attack on the web. There are several new viruses that are detected on a day to day basis on the cyberspace. While some of these viruses may be harmless, others are annoying and quite destructive. Certain viruses replicate themselves, but others may cause serious problems to the extent of erasing all data on a device drive. The use of anti-virus for device protection can be applied to multiple operating systems including Mobile Windows and Android mobile phones (iSoftwareReviews 2010). Antivirus software works in various technical ways to give protection to and remove viruses from mobile devices. This normally occur through two security scanning functions namely On-Access Scanning and On-Demand Scanning. The On-Access scanning works in real-time to ensure a mobile device is protected at all times by monitoring for viruses to any accessing in the mobile device, for example while opening a file or opening an application. Despite of the fact that this software slows down the speed of a device, its role in antivirus protection is so critical and should thus be enabled at all times. On-Demand Scanning offers antivirus protection only when activated to scan any particular area, folder, file, or drive. The program then provides a scan report about how many viruses that have been found in the scanned item. In the event that a virus is detected, the program will notify the user and recommend an action which includes either to deleting or quarantine the virus (iSoftwareRevie ws 2010). The rapidly increasing advancements of mobile phone technology to include a number of useful features have made android and windows mobile phones very popular pocket personal computers. This increased popularity has not however come with its own setbacks. Just like the ordinary personal computers, android and windows mobile phones have also been subjected to increased viruses attack. Virus attack has therefore become the latest and single biggest threat to the mobile phone industry. Subsequently, numerous companies dealing in software have come up with anti-virus for use in the android and windows mobile phones. These are mainly anti-virus software packages developed to provide anti-virus protection to mobile phones (iSoftwareReviews 2010). There are a number of anti-virus software programs for mobile phones that are available to the users. The main mobile phone anti-virus software includes AhnLab Mobile Security, Avast! PDA Edition, Avira Antivir Mobile, BitDefender Mobile Security, BullGuard Mobile Antivirus, Dr.Web Mobile Security Suite, F-Secure Mobile Security, Kaspersky Mobile Security, and Norton Smartphone Security. AhnLab Mobile Security software provides a solution for viruses and worms protection and removal. It runs under windows mobile and android mobile phones. Avast! PDA Edition is an antivirus protection for PalmOS and Windows CE, Android phones, and Pocket PC based devices (iSoftwareReviews 2010). Avira AntiVir Mobile provides professional virus and malware protection for pocket PCs, Windows mobile and Android mobile phones. BitDefender Mobile Security provides solution for virus protection and removal for PDAs and Smartphone that run on Windows mobile or Android mobile phones. BullGuard Mobile Antivirus provides solutions for protecting Pocket PCs and Windows mobile against viruses and other malicious programs. Dr.Web Mobile Security Suite is designed to provide anti-virus security solutions for pocket PCs that runs on Windows Mobile operating system. F-Secure Mobile Security is a complete mobile security software package that includes anti-virus, anti-spyware, a firewall and a remote control anti-theft feature for protection. Kaspersky Mobile Security also provides a complete protection package including Anti-theft protection, virus protection, firewall and anti-spam for SMS, EMS, and MMS. Norton Smartphone Security offers anti-virus, anti-spam, and firewall for Windows mobi le and Android mobile protection (iSoftwareReviews 2010). Protecting an android and window mobile phone from attack requires a complete understanding of all application communication. This is important because software can only protect a device if and only if it is able to read the same information as the mobile phone device, subsequently application layer threats. It may not be possible within the technological framework for antivirus software to understand application communications or analyse application behaviour through the deep inspection of intrusion prevention packets, whether on individual basis or when reassembled into their original sequence. Similarly, network-level antivirus may detect a small number of known, easily identifiable security threats by simply examining pre-programmed patterns (Citrix Systems 2006).   Installation of antivirus is the best known way of protecting android and windows mobile phones. The best types of antivirus are the application firewalls since they operate at the application layer instead of the network level. The application firewalls are able to enforce correct application behaviour while preventing any malicious activity. This is because the firewalls are able to inspect the actual internet communication and understand the context of all client requests and application responses through which they are sent to the internet. A complete mobile phone security application needs to offer full protection of all the elements of an application as well as users of the application. In most cases however, security applications for mobile phones are only limited to the application programme and application data (Citrix Systems 2006). Thesis Statement Despite web devices continuing to face significant security threats, mobile phones go completely unprotected while web browsing, downloading applications, checking e-mail, conducting online banking and connecting to social networking sites like Twitter and Facebook. While mobile attacks are increasing rapidly and hackers are financially motivated to steal data, identities, and intercept corporate communications, it has become critical to protect mobile devices such as android phone and Windows phones. Background of the study Smartphone security is the process of preventing and detecting unauthorized use of your system. Prevention measures help you to stop unauthorized users (also known as â€Å"intruders†) from accessing any part of your mobile phone system. Detection helps you to determine whether or not someone attempted to break into your system, if they were successful, and what they may have done. We use android and windows mobile for everything from banking and investing to shopping and communicating with others through email or chat programs.   Although you may not consider your communications â€Å"top secret,† you probably do not want strangers reading your email, using your phone to attack other systems, sending forged email from your phone, or examining personal information stored on your phone (such as financial statements). There are a variety of antivirus software packages that operate in many different ways, depending on how the vendor chose to implement their software. What they have in common, though, is that they all look for patterns in the files or memory of your Smartphone that indicate the possible presence of a known virus. Antivirus packages know what to look for through the use of virus profiles (sometimes called â€Å"signatures†) provided by the vendor. New viruses are discovered daily. The effectiveness of antivirus software is dependent on having the latest virus profiles installed on your Smartphone so that it can look for recently discovered viruses. It is important to keep these profiles up to date. Chapter 2: Android Phone Emulators An android mobile phone is a phone fitted with a set of software consisting of operating systems, middleware and other major applications. The main features of android include application framework for facilitating reuse and replacement of components, Dalvik virtual machine which is optimised for mobile devices, optimised graphics, an integrated browser, media tools for common audio, video and still image formats, SQLite for structured data storage, and GSM Telephony. Other features include Bluetooth, Camera, and Rich development consisting of a device emulator, tools for debugging, memory and performance profiling. Android technology is dependent on Linux version 2.6 to power the main system servicing including security, memory management, process management, network stack, and driver models (Android Developers 2010). Android technology is made up of a multi-process system in which each application runs in its own process. A standard Linux facility is responsible for coordinating security between different applications such as user and group identifications assigned to the applications in Android mobile phone. The crux of the security applications is on the basis of the concept that no application, by default, has access to perform any operation with a potential of adversely impacting on other applications, the operating system, or the user. The applications that the Linux facility must grant permission include reading or writing the user’s private data, reading or writing another application’s file, performing network access, and keeping the device awake. The permission that an application requires is statistically declared in that application so that Linux facility can master the upfront during installation and not subject to change thereafter (Android Developers 2010). The antivirus software for mobile forms utilises various virus detection methods. The two main virus detection methods include signature based detection and behaviour based detection. Signature Based Detection makes use of virus signatures dictionary to compare the files when checking for viruses. A signature dictionary is a database containing very many virus signatures which the software manufacturer has so far found. The user is expected to continually update the virus signature directory as when new viruses, worms, Trojans, and other malicious programs appear. Failure to update the dictionary may lead to failure of the software to detect emerging viruses. The behaviour Based Detection is designed to monitor and control any activities in the device system for suspicious program behaviour. In the event that a suspicious behaviour is detected, the software probes further into that suspicious behaviour by applying the signature based detection to countercheck whether the activity is malicious or not. In the event that the suspicious program is malicious, an alert will be generated to notify the user. Android emulator is a virtual mobile device which runs on a phone system and allows the user to prototype, develop, and test android applications for possible malicious programs without necessarily using a physical device. This device mimics all the hardware and software features of a phone save for the fact that it cannot receive or make a call. As soon as a particular application starts to run on the emulator, it may make use of the services of the android platform to invoke other applications, access the network, and notify the user. The emulators also contain various debug capabilities like console from which the user can log kernel output, simulate application interrupts, and simulate latency effects and dropouts on the data channel (Android developers 2010). As stated earlier, android utilises a multi-process system in which each and every application runs on its own process. Since majority of the security between applications is granted at the process level, android emulators provide more detailed security features through a permission mechanism that enforces restriction on the specific operations that any particular process can perform and permission for granting ad-hoc access to specific pieces of data. While the emulators ensures that no application acts in a manner that can adversely affect another application, it is still possible for an application to encroach into the actions of another application as long as permission is forehand obtained in order to perform the foreign function not provided by the basic nucleus (Vennon 2010). The android emulators can also disallow these extraneous permissions on the basis of the certificates that were used to sign the application or by simply prompting the user. The permission that an application will require to function outside its nucleus is statistically declared by the emulators within the application and will be relayed to the Smartphone user, and the permission will not change. The android emulators consider malware to be malicious software designed to infiltrate a Smartphone system without the user’s informed consent (Vennon 2010).

Conservation and Sustainability of Natural Resources essays

Conservation and Sustainability of Natural Resources essays People consume natural resources faster than the planet can renew them. Conservation is a word, concept or a thought process that does not go through a persons mind when they are washing dishes, leaving the toaster plugged in, using paper, or throwing cans in the trash! Websters Dictionary describes conservation as a careful preservation and protection of something; especially: planned management of a natural resource to prevent exploitation, destruction, or neglect. Conservation is so important because we are running out of our worlds most precious resources, such as water, energy, trees, wildlife, and minerals; sustainability is a great way you can help protect our planet for our future. There are three people that will or have gone done in world history for their acts in conservation. Al Gore, Teddy Roosevelt and John Muir. Today, Al Gore is one of our best known Conservationist, or as The Godfather of Green. He cares so much about this planet. He even made a movie called An Inconvenient Truth. This movie is amazing. It is about was is happening to our planet and what will happen to this planet if we are not very careful about how we use and abuse it. Not only was Al Gore a conservationist but he was a Vice President and a Nobel Prize winner. He also teamed up with World Wildlife Foundation and created the National Forest Act which saved a big beautiful forest in Borneo. Al Gore is someone I truly admire; he has stood up for our planet, this country and for each and every one of us. Sure, most people can find the worst in everybody, I feel as if he didnt care about what people thought of him, but what was right for his country and our planet. Another person who felt the way he does was Thomas Jefferson. Thomas Jefferson also in politics actually the twenty-sixth president of the United States thought a lot like Al Gore. President Jefferson was an outdoorsman and a naturalist he also created...

What Is Zorvolex Uses, Dosage, and Side Effects

What Is Zorvolex Uses, Dosage, and Side Effects SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Are you taking Zorvolex? Or are you simply looking to learn more about the medication? Regardless, we’ve got answers for you. In this guide, we explain all of the most important facts to know about Zorvolex, starting with what it's used for and what its dosages are. We then go over possible side effects and drug interactions you can have with Zorvolex. What Is Zorvolex? What Is It Used For? Zorvolex pills are diclofenac capsules. Each capsule is 18 mm long and bisected into two colors (blue and light green). On the capsule is an imprint that varies depending on dosage (we’ll talk more about what dosages there are in the next section). So what is this medication used for? Zorvolex is a low-dose prescription drug used to relieve mild to moderate acute pain or osteoarthritis pain. Like Advil and Aleve, Zorvolex is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), meaning it can reduce pain, aches, fevers, and swelling/inflammation. Doctors often prescribe Zorvolex to patients who have osteoarthritis pain or pain from other short-term issues, such as muscle aches, backaches, menstrual cramps, sports injuries, and tooth pain. Zorvolex Dosage and Contents There are two dosages of Zorvolex: 18 mg and 35 mg. Both doses come as blue and green tablets; however, Zorvolex 18-mg tablets have the imprints â€Å"18mg† and â€Å"IP-203,† whereas Zorvolex 35-mg tablets have the imprints â€Å"35mg† and â€Å"IP-204.† Diclofenac is the only active ingredient in Zorvolex. This substance is an NSAID and thus comes with the same risks as other NSAIDs such as ibuprofen. Diclofenac relieves pain by preventing the body from creating a substance that causes pain, inflammation, and fever. If you are prescribed Zorvolex, your doctor will determine an appropriate dosage for you based on the type and severity of pain you have. As with any NSAID, you should take the lowest dose possible for the shortest amount of time needed to get better. That said, there are some general guidelines when it comes to Zorvolex dosage. Patients who have osteoarthritis typically take three 35-mg capsules a day. For all other pain management, the recommended dosage is three 18- or 35-mg capsules a day. Remember, though, that it'll ultimately be up to your doctor to decide on an appropriate dosage for you. Your doctor will choose an appropriate dosage for you based on the type and severity of your pain. Zorvolex Brand Name and Manufacturers Zorvolex is the brand name of a type of diclofenac capsule and is manufactured for and distributed by Iroko Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Other diclofenac medications are available under different brand names. Zipsor is the brand name for diclofenac potassium capsules used to relieve mild to moderate acute pain, whereas Cambia is the brand name for a diclofenac potassium powder (that becomes a solution) used to treat migraines in adults. Both Zipsor and Cambia are distributed by Depomed, Inc. Zorvolex Side Effects As with any NSAID, there’s the potential for side effects when taking Zorvolex. These effects can range from mild feelings of discomfort to severe allergic reactions. Always tell your doctor if you’re experiencing any side effects or if they don’t seem to be getting better. According to the official Zorvolex website, commonly reported side effects include the following: Swelling Nausea Vomiting Dizziness Headache Constipation Diarrhea Gas Itching Heartburn Occasionally, serious Zorvolex side effects or allergic reactions can occur. Such signs include the following: Swelling of the face or throat Trouble breathing Heart failure Kidney problems Liver problems Skin reactions indicating an allergy If you experience any of these side effects, seek immediate medical attention. If you're having any serious side effects, see a doctor ASAP. Drug Interactions to Avoid With Zorvolex Certain drugs can interact poorly with Zorvolex, so be sure to tell your doctor about any medications you’re currently taking (including over-the-counter pills, vitamins, and supplements) before you start taking Zorvolex. According to the National Institutes of Health, drugs and substances known to interact poorly with Zorvolex include the following: Alcohol Blood thinners such as warfarin Aspirin Beta-blockers Loop diuretics Lanoxin (digoxin) Lithium Trexall, Rasuvo, Rheumatrex (methotrexate) Neoral, Sandimmune, Gengraf (cyclosporine) Alimta (pemetrexed) Other NSAIDs Recap: What Is Zorvolex? In conclusion, here are some of the essential points to remember about Zorvolex: Zorvolex is a blue and light-green capsule imprinted with either â€Å"18mg/IP-203† or â€Å"35mg/IP-204.† It is used to treat mild to moderate acute pain and osteoarthritis pain. Available dosages are 18 mg and 35 mg (the dosage will be reflected on the capsule). The main ingredient in Zorvolex is diclofenac, an NSAID that relieves pain by halting the body's production of a pain-causing substance. Zorvolex is the brand name of a type of diclofenac capsule. There are also other brands of diclofenac medications, such as Zipsor and Cambia. Like any NSAID, Zorvolex can cause mild to severe side effects, from nausea and vomiting to facial swelling and skin reactions. If your side effects are serious or if you are having an allergic reaction, see a doctor immediately. Certain substances can interact poorly with Zorvolex, including alcohol, blood thinners, and other NSAIDs. Always tell your doctor what medications you’re on so that you can avoid any problematic interactions.

Majority Rule and Minority Rights in American Government Essay

Majority Rule and Minority Rights in American Government - Essay Example 3). Indeed, there are several places in the Constitution where suspicion of unchecked majority power is evident - from the Bill of Rights to the structure of the Senate to the Electoral College. To be sure, some historical events that ran relatively concurrent with the birth of the United States, primarily the French Revolution and its associated "Reign of Terror," provided ample illustration of the potential for majority rule to degenerate into mob rule. Majority rule means a system of government in which the will of the majority if given full force and effect within the laws and regulations of the country. It is, essentially, a pure democracy. Minority rights are those liberties and privileges that naturally accrue toward those who do not necessarily agree with the will of the majority. The latter rights have been associated with the concepts of natural law and human rights, whereby those in the minority deserve to be treated with a certain minimum level of dignity and respect simply because they are humans and citizens of the country that acknowledges and respects those natural rights. In his seminal work On Liberty, John Stuart Mill lays his doctrine of the right of individuals to act in any way they choose so long as it does not interfere with the freedom of others. This notion of liberty is essential to minority rights in a democracy. Democracy in the United States In many ways, the United States Constitution does not really set up a majority rule system - that is, it is not a true democracy. A close evaluation of the various branches of government reveals that the only body that is designed to be truly responsive to the will of the majority is the House of Representatives, established under Article 1 of the Constitution. The President is not even directly elected by the people under Article 2 of the Constitution; the Senate's lengthy six year terms arguably insulate its members from the whim of the majority (Article 1); and members of the Supreme Court, where the buck truly stops on how Americans are governed, are appointed for life by this President and Senate that are buffered from the will of the majority (Article 3). Moreover, the Constitution established a federal system in which the states retain substantial sovereignty in nearly all matters of government, greatly limiting the extent to which the central government of the U.S. has the power to impose the will of the national majority. The 10th Amendment states that all powers not specifically enumerated within the Constitution as belonging to the federal government are reserved to the states. Thus, it is necessary that some specific provision of the Constitution grants authority to the federal government in order for it to legally regulate any given area. In that vein, the commerce clause, granting to the federal government the power to regulate interstate commerce, has often been heavily relied upon to justify laws enacted by Congress. This has come to the great chagrin of many strict constructionists, who have protested the Supreme Court's invoking of the commerce clause to uphold the legality of many federal laws that have had a connection t o interstate commerce that is tenuous at best. The effects of these severe

Balanced scorecard Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Balanced scorecard - Essay Example For the charity organization, development of balanced scorecards aids in ensuring that the mission, vision and objectives of the organization are achieved. For this case, the organization runs activities that aim at funding and taking care of children that have difficulties. The organization provides services that enable these organizations to run smoothly and ensure that these students are offered the best in relation to education. The details of this study aim at discussing a balanced score card for the charity organization and the application through which the organization can improve its services and remain focused to enriching these people with learning difficulties with the actual skills they need for everyday life. The details provide a balanced scorecard that the organization relies on to lead its operations. Balanced scorecards aid at eliminating darkness in an organization. Darkness in its operations and creating a clear path for the following of the organization to aid achieve their goals. The development of these targets oriented with annual assessment means has worked to provide the necessary yardstick to measure an organization’s performance. The balanced scorecard also aids in the consideration of the Metric-Driven Incentives that consider focus more on the financial aspects of an organization that range from increasing profits to reducing operational costs. The charity organization runs its activities through the funding obtained from personal budgets. The proceeds from the canteen provide for the smooth running of the services of the company hence providing for the financial needs of the company (McCarthy & Chapman, 2013). Relating to the above, a balanced scorecard relates to a business document that is in the strategic planning and management system for the alignment of business operations with relation to the vision statements and the mission that the